Johns Hopkins Medicine Vascular Surgeon Dr. Thomas Reifsnyder discusses symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of severe peripheral arterial disease (PAD). He also shares insight on how to avoid limb amputations, including leg and foot removal.

Questions answered:
1. Describe what you do. (0:11)
2. Why see a vascular surgeon for PAD? (0:18)
3. What advice would you give to a patient who is in danger of losing a limb to PAD? (0:39)
4. What is PAD and how does it present? (1:54)
5. What are the risk factors for PAD? (3:28)
6. How is PAD diagnosed? (3:50)
7. Which patients are the most challenging to treat? (5:03)
8. Describe when an open surgery or minimally invasive procedure might be recommended. (7:25)
9. Describe the surgery. (8:43)
10. What can patients expect after surgery? (9:24)
11. Why should someone seek treatment at Johns Hopkins? (10:29)